THE DYNAMICS OF SPORT VIOLENCE IN PREMIER LEAGUE FOOTBALL CLUBS IN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Football, as the world's most popular sport, has historically been associated with incidents of violence, particularly among spectators. This study investigates the deviant behaviors exhibited by fans in the Ethiopian Premier League, particularly in Addis Ababa and other regional club residents, where football matches often experience violence and unsportsmanlike conduct. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative approach. A total of 410 respondents were participated, including funs, club officials, players, and law enforcement officers. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (Mean, Standard Deviation, Charts/Figures). The largest age group among respondents is 18-25 years, comprising 38.3% of the total. This suggests that younger adults are more likely to attend football events, indicating a strong interest in football among this demographic. The potential challenge of football violence are  death with mean of 2.73 (SD ± 1.36), Major Injuries with mean of 3.46 (SD ± 1.38), Minor Injuries with mean of 3.80 (SD ± 1.37), Climate of Fear with mean of 3.61 (SD ± 1.29), Players Unable to Use Potential Fully with mean of 3.33 (SD ± 1.40), Biased decision of referee Findings highlight that leisure and team loyalty are the predominant factors driving fan engagement in Ethiopian football, while financial considerations play a minimal role. The alarmingly high mean score for deviant incidents underscores the pressing need for stakeholders in the football community clubs, governing bodies, and law enforcement to address these issues proactively. By understanding the factors contributing to negative behaviors and fostering a more positive atmosphere at matches, it is possible to enhance the overall experience for all attendees. To enhance safety in football competitions, interviewees proposed several intervention strategies: Implement awareness campaigns promoting positive supporter behavior, Enforce stricter conduct policies for fans and players. Future research should continue to explore these dynamics, focusing on effective interventions and strategies to promote positive supporter behavior, ensuring that football remains a safe and enjoyable environment for everyone involved. Further research or similar study should be carried out in other Higher league, super league and regional league football club in Ethiopia in order to fill the information gap.